The initial stage is the shedding cutting stage. This constant-pressure honing begins with a small contact area between the whetstone and the hole wall due to the rough hole wall, and the contact pressure is large, and the protruding part of the hole wall is quickly ground away. However, due to the high contact pressure on the surface of the whetstone and the wear of the whetstone binder by the cutting chips, the bonding strength between the abrasive particles and the binder is reduced. Therefore, some abrasive particles fall off by themselves under the action of cutting pressure, and the surface of the whetstone is exposed. Abrasive particles, this is the whetstone self-sharpening.

The second stage is the crushing and cutting stage. With the progress of honing, the surface of the hole becomes more and more polished, and the contact area with the oil stone becomes larger and larger, the contact pressure per unit area decreases, and the cutting efficiency decreases. At the same time, the cut chips are small and fine, and the wear of the binder by these chips is also very small. Therefore, the whetstone abrasive grains fall off very little. At this time, the grinding is not based on new abrasive grains, but is cut from the sharp surface of the abrasive grains. Therefore, the sharp surface of the abrasive particles is very loaded, and the abrasive particles are easy to rupture and collapse to form new cutting edges.

The third stage is the blockage cutting stage. When honing continues, the contact area between the whetstone and the hole surface becomes larger and larger, and the extremely fine chips accumulate between the whetstone and the hole wall and are not easily removed, causing the whetstone to block and become very smooth. Therefore, the cutting ability of oilstone is extremely low, which is equivalent to polishing. If you continue honing, the oilstone will become severely clogged and cause cohesive clogging, the oilstone will completely lose its cutting ability and generate severe heat, and the accuracy and surface roughness of the holes will be affected. At this point, the honing should be ended as soon as possible.